By Vivienne Glance, University of Western Australia
Perennial stories about the lack of women working in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) often revolve around why women are not studying these subjects, and when they do, why they don’t make their careers in these areas.
The Geena Davis Institute on Gender in the Media asks a different question. Are women not working in science because there are very few women portrayed in films and on TV who are working in science?
Academy Award-winning actress, Geena Davis, founded the institute that bears her name to educate, advocate and influence the media and entertainment industry to encourage more diverse representations of women and girls.
Over the past eight years, it has provided quantitative research that exposes the unconscious gender biases in casting, screen writing and story-telling.
The institute has teamed up with Google to use their machine learning technology – along with the University of Southern California’s audio-visual processing technologies, called GD-IQ – to analyse the content of films. GD-IQ automates the analysis of media content with greater precision than the human eye and can process vast amounts of data quickly.
At the Equity Foundation’s Gender on the Agenda Summit held in Melbourne this week, the institute’s CEO, Madeline Di Nonno outlined some recent research findings. The institute reviewed the top grossing, non-animated films of 2014 and 2015 as reported by Variety, the US published film and TV magazine. Only 17% had female leads. Male characters dominated the screen – as the main figure in the camera shot – almost twice as much as women (28.5% to 16%).
When a film had a male lead, men dominated the screen thrice as much as women (34.5% to 12.9%). In films where the lead character was a woman, men still had slightly more screen time than women (about 24% to 22%).
When looking at speaking time for both genders, results were similar – but in male led films the gap was even greater. In films with a male lead, men spoke 33.1% of the time while women spoke less than 10%.
Further research across the same time period shows a stark lack of women characters in STEM jobs.
Looking at family films, characters in STEM careers were 83.8% male. Breaking down the figures, women were shown in life and physical sciences more often than men (65.4% to 49.3%) but in computer science, maths and in engineering just 7.7% of those characters were women.
In prime-time TV programs, no women were shown in engineering, at all.
Communicating science and technology to a non-specialist audience is difficult enough. My research into the dramaturgy of science in performance shows approaches that can be taken to aid translating technical language and practices into accessible stories.
The issue of gender in the stories we tell ourselves about science adds another layer of complexity.
However, if we agree that young women and girls are influenced by the way women are depicted in film and TV, then the way women are depicted in the work place will have an effect on their career choices.
Showing female characters in prestigious occupations, such as leading a team of science researchers, managing or designing major engineering projects, or applying complex mathematics to real-life problems, will help build their aspirations and ambitions in these important STEM areas.
The argument usually given by studios in casting men as leads is that films featuring women are not good at the box office. However, the institute’s research shows that films with lead female characters grossed 15.8% more on average than those led by men.
That is surely incentive enough to see a film where a woman wins a major prize for her outstanding discovery in mathematics or theoretical physics, or revolutionises our thinking in computer technology, and goes on to lead a billion-dollar tech company.
As Geena Davis says, “If she can see it, she can be it.”
Vivienne Glance, Hon Research Fellow in Poetry and Theatre studies, University of Western Australia
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.
Top Comments
I predict this situation is going to change exponentially. My 21 year old daughter is very (STEM) driven. It certainly does need promoting in popular media, but so do many other things. Women are going to do this by themselves, and like Law, where women now dominate at University level we'll get there. Of course, there will be fallout when and if we decide to have families. But now that it is possible to work remotely, the world is our oyster and I truly believe that. We simply need some high spending advertising campaigns and charismatic leaders to make the impossible possible (see recent events globally regarding leading the free world) but in this case for the common good. I'm absolutely convinced in the next ten years we will see some fantastic young women step up to the mark commercially, politically and promote STEM projects and the days of the grey suits/nerds ruling the roost will soon be a thing of the past. Tech is no longer exclusively geeky. Although,personally, think geeks are okay quite a lot of the time.... :)
Going to be crucified here, but I think that the predominance of women as teachers has, over time, de-emphasised STEM subjects because it isn't the majority of teacher's sweet spot.